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This research was entitled the transliterating Thai ’s name and surname into Chinese. This research aimed to study the popularity of pattern and charateriatics of a transliterated word, and study how to transliterate Thai people’ s names into Chinese. Also, to study the pincple approach. Thai name and surname in Chinese document in 2012-2014 (B.E.2555-2557) was studied. The number of 939 Chinese was found. Based on the linguistics approach, data were analyzed. Thai syllabic phones and how to transliterate into Chinese character was analyzed. The consonant sound, vowel sound, and final sound were also analyzed. The results were explained as follows.
1.The popularity of how to transliterate Thai name and surname into Chinese found in Chinese document. How to transliterate Thai name and surname into Chinese found in Chinese document was carried out by the usage in Thai language. For example, first name and surname are arranged in order like in Thai language. The title was placed in front of the first name, and marked word was also placed in front of the surname. In this way, the symbol ( . ) was placed between the two above words. The loan word was done for the person’ name, the first name , and nickname together.
The method of transliteration of Thai name and surname was conducted by comparing the syllabic phoneme of Thai sound and transliterating into Chinese character directly in the way of syllable by syllable. The method of separating the syllables, reducing the syllables, and changing the sounds of syllables were used.
2. The principle of how to transliterate Thai name and surname into Chinese
2.1 The method of transliterating a syllable of Thai name and surname into Chinese was explained as follows.
1) The transliteration conducted by comparing the consonant sounds of the Thai articulation which is equivalent to Chinese articulation was presented as follows.
ก /g/with g ข, ค /k/ with k จ /c/ with z zh j ฉ ช ฌ/ch/ with c,ch,q ซ ส ศ ษ /s / with s,sh, x ญ ย /j / with r ฎ ด /d/ with d ถ ท ฑ ฒ ธ ฐ /th/ with t น ณ /n/ with n ป /p/ with b พ ผ ภ/ph/ with p ฝ ฟ /f/ with f ม /m/ with m ร /r with / l ล /l/ with l ว /w/ with w ห ฮ /h/ with
2) The transliteration conducted by changing sounds, for example, changing sound in the same place of articulation or the sounds produced which is equivalent to the same place of articulation. Such as the alveolar articulation as in d t n l (“ริต” into (di) ) , the velar articulation as in g h (“คำ” into (gan) ), the bilabial articulation as in b p (“พิ” into (bi) ), and the fricative articulation as in j q x zh ch s (“เชี่ยว” into (xia) )
3) The transliteration conducted by changing a cluster consonant in Thai language, for example, “ปลา” into (ba) “ปลอด” into (bu) , (bo)
4) The transliteration conducted by reducing syllables in Thai word that has semi-vowel sound as in /^/, for example, the word “จันทรศิริ”, (zhanxili) is reduced and become one syllable as in (zhan).
5) The transliteration conducted by separating syllables in a cluster consonant sound in Thai language into two Chinese characters, for example, the word “ประ” into (ba la) “ขลา” into (ka la). 2.2 The method of transliterating the vowel sound in a syllable of Thai name and surname into Chinese 1) In general the sequence of how to transliterate a vowel sound , the consonant sound must be considered first. Then, the vowel sound is considered. In case of the consonant sound cannot by combined with the vowel sound, it is recommended to change the consonant sound and/ or the vowel sound in oder to find the most identical sound as shown in a source language.
2) The transliteration focusing on the vowel sound which is similar to other vowel sound, for example, อะ อา into a, อิ อี into I, อุ อู into u, เอีย into ie, ออ into o ,โอ into o, เอา into ao, เออ into e, and ไอ into ai.
3) The transliteration focusing on the vowel sound which cannot be compared to Chinese vowel sound, for example, อึ อือ โอะ เอะ เอ เอะ แอะ แอ เอือะ เอือ อำ. In this way, the equivalent vowel sound can be compared. For example, the Thai vowel sound, อัว into o (“พัว” into (po) , เอ into e (“เส” into (she) ).
4) Changing a vowel sound into a new one when two vowel sounds (of Chinese and Thai) are alike because the consonant sound in Chinese cannot be combined with the o vowel sound. Therefore, the o vowel sound is changed into uo vowel sound which is equivalent to the o vowel sound, for example, the word “โร” into (luo), the word “ห่อ” (huo), the word “ก่อ” into (gu).
5) The equivalent vowel sound can be compared, delete the final sound of a word . The vowel sound, อึ is changed into e, for example, the word, “ศึก” into (ke), “เรือง” into (le), “เมตต์” into (mo).
6) The equivalent vowel sound can be compared. For example, the Thai vowel sound place, อัว into o (“พัว” into (po) ), แอ into eng (“แสง” into (sheng) ), เอือ into eng (“เมือง” into (meng) ), เอ into (gong.) ).
7) Changing a vowel sound can be done when the two vowel sounds with the same place of articulation are similar to or equivalent to each other. However, the consonant sound is reduced. For example, the Thai word, “บุญ” into (wen), and “บรร” into (wan).
8) The transliteration conducted by separating syllable in a Thai consonant and vowel sound, for example, the Thai word, “ตฤณ” into (dilin) which is from + (lin), and “into” (suwan) form (su)+ (wan)
2.3 The method of transliterating the final sounds (ending sound) in a syllable in Thai name and surname into Chinese.
1) Transliterating the Thai the same final sounds into Chinese by comparing to the same final sounds in Chinese and they are น and ง Like Chinese they are n and ng, for example, the word “กัล” into (gan), “ทวน” into (duan), and “เสียง” into (xing) and so on.
2) Since there are many more various Thai final sounds than Chinese ones, it is necessary to change the sound in order to match with the final sounds into Chinese, for example, changing the final sound ก into “จักร” into (bing), and changing the final sound ด into n as in “พันธ์” into (pan)
3) When Transliterating, separate the syllable of a final ending. It means to focus on the consonant sound and the final sound of each syllable and separate it, for example, the word “ธรรม” into (tang ma), “ลิ่ม” into (li mu), and “เขม” into (Ka man).
4) When Transliterating, delete the final sound of a word. The transliteration of consonant and vowel sound was mainly focused and the final sound was deleted such as the word, “เรศ” into (lei), and “รท” into (la)
5) Furthermore, changing the final sound can be done and must be concerned to the combination rule of consonant sound and vowel sound such as the word, “คราม” into (Kan). The final sound ม is changed to n by the method to change the consonant sound ค into k. Also, the vowel sound อา is changed to ‘an’ which has an n final sound as in (kan). |
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